6.1 Contradiction: Seeking the Ultimate Trading Experience Between Efficiency and Decentralizati

The desire to trade, invest, and preserve wealth is universal. Yet millions of investors worldwide, in their pursuit of an efficient, secure, and fair trading environment, face a threefold dilemma across traditional finance and the crypto world.

• Exclusivity of Traditional Finance (TradFi): Despite strict regulation, traditional finance remains highly exclusionary. Globally, hundreds of millions are denied access to basic financial services - not due to a lack of demand, but because of systemic barriers such as capital controls, political instability, banking monopolies, and underdeveloped infrastructure. In many developing countries, opening a bank account can be more difficult than starting a business. These high entry requirements, complex processes, and geographical restrictions exclude vast numbers of potential investors, failing to meet the borderless and global nature of modern crypto investment.

• Trust Dilemma of Centralized Exchanges (CEXs): CEXs offer high-performance trading, but their core issue lies in trust. History shows that unregulated centralized finance inevitably exploits such trust, while users, unable to verify internal operations, remain vulnerable to opacity and hidden manipulation.

• Performance Bottlenecks of Existing DeF Infrastructure: DeFi addresses trust through non-custodial models, yet early protocols—particularly automated market makers (AMMs)—introduce new challenges:

  • Capital inefficiency: AMMs spread liquidity across wide price ranges, leaving large portions of capital idle and reducing trading depth.

  • Poor user experience: Traders lack precise control over execution prices, often facing high slippage, while complex gas fees and wallet interactions create steep usage barriers.

  • Performance limitations: General-purpose blockchains, with low throughput and high latency, cannot support the demands of high-frequency or professional trading.

In practice, neither TradFi, CEXs, nor early DeFi has delivered what global traders truly need - an ideal trading environment that combines high performance, efficiency, security, transparency, and full asset sovereignty.